The first (or 'guard') relay receives your data and peels off the first layer of encryption, like the layer of an onion. Both VPN and Tor/onion really protect only the data in motion if the data content reveals your private info, the destination server gets your private info.This involves encrypting your data multiple times, then passing it through a network of volunteer-run servers (or 'relays') from around the world. Tor/onion does same, but only for Tor browser traffic also adds more hops to make it harder to trace back from the destination server to your original IP address, and also mostly forces you into using good browser settings. VPN mainly protects your traffic from other devices on same LAN, from router, and from ISP. That said, neither VPN nor Tor/onion are magic silver bullets that make you safe and anonymous. So leave the VPN running 24/365, even while you're using Tor. Using a VPN and letting the VPN company see some info is better than letting your ISP see the same info, because the ISP knows more about you. In "Tor over VPN" configuration, VPN doesn't help or hurt Tor browser, and VPN helps protect all of the non-Tor traffic (services, cron jobs, other apps) coming out of your system while you're using Tor browser (and after you stop using Tor browser). And if you want to use Tor, do Tor over VPN (run VPN first, then later launch Tor): r/tor is not managed or endorsed by The Tor Project. ![]()
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